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    Zoroastrian Ethics

    By Maganlal B. Buch

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    This volume is from 1919.

    Be sure to look for other books by this author:
    "The Principles of Hindu Ethics"
    "The Spirit of Ancient Hindu Culture"
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    Summary from the book's Introduction:

    The age in which we live is distinguished in many ways by its
    realism. In the realm of "the practical" there is a wide spread
    impatience amongst the educated against the dominance of
    traditional ideas tending to limit the scope of enjoyment of
    the good or to sacrifice concrete experience for the sake
    of abstractions. In the realm of thought itself there has
    been and is a decided revolt against the over emphasis of
    abstract universal principles as distinct from actual particulars
    withe their individual characteristics. This attitude is more or
    less common in relation to all branches of thought: its signifi-
    cance for ethics is especially important. Men ask that the
    reflections of moral philosophers shall have some real and
    important bearing on the problem of what the moral life
    should contain and how it should be lived. Ethics is
    required to have a definite and intimate relation with the
    individual details of morality and not to remain in the
    discussion of the purely formal. From the spirit of Kant
    ethics now turns again to the spirit of Aristotle.

    Though the view that the good cannot be defined has
    incidentally been implied at various times in the history of
    moral philosophy, it is only within recent years that its
    true import has begun to be realised. In the first place
    it involves that moral experience is immediate, that the
    knowledge included in any science of ethics, though it
    may be knowledge by description, is dependent upon
    knowledge by direct acquaintance. Moral good is known
    in some form of intuition, and is intelligible only in terms
    of itself. In the second place it has become more and
    more evident that all attempts to explain moral good in
    a general manner, e.g. as duty, or as that which brings
    the greatest amount of pleasure, or as the way of
    deliverance, or as self-realisation, and so on, are of
    only secondary value and importance.

    The chief result of these modern tendencies with relation
    to the science of ethics is to make it much more empirical.
    In the ethics of the past there has been much keen discussion
    of abstract principles and ultimate problems but too often
    this discussion has had little relation to the ethical facts of
    actual life. The attempt to bring about a closer relation
    has involved a superimposition of the principles upon
    actual conduct as it were from without. In consequence
    the conceptions of the moral ideal have almost all lacked
    content, have, in fact, been conspicuous by their poverty.
    As Spinoza in order to give an account of substance had
    to pass almost immediately to the attributes of
    thought and extension and then in order to explain
    these had to pass on to modes, thus eventually taking
    in the immediate experiences of actual life, so ethical
    writers in order to bring their conceptions into touch
    with facts have been forced back to particular experiences.
    From these only can we begin if we wish for an under-
    standing of what the moral life includes in detail. In other
    words, the science of ethics must be regarded as a
    natural science concerned with the data of moral life.
    ...............................................................................
    Contents:

    Part I
    1. The Available Zoroastrian Literature
    II. The Historical and Social Conditions
    III. Psychological Conceptions

    PART II
    IV. The General Moral Attitude
    V. The Value of Life : Industry and Indolence
    VI. Truthfulness and Deceit: Purity and Impurity
    VIL The Ethics of Sex Relations
    VIII. Benevolence : Other Vices and Virtue
    IX. The Ethical in Legal Preference in Zoroastrian Literature
    X. Theological and Metaphysical Conceptions
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